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Soil contamination from heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants (PAH, PCB and HCB) in the coastal area of Västernorrland, Sweden
wedish Transport Administration, Gibraltargatan 7, Malmö, Sweden;Lund University, Division of Building Materials, Box 118, SE- 221-00, Lund, Sweden..ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0577-9936
Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École polytechnique de Bruxelles (Brussels Faculty of Engineering), Laboratory of Image Synthesis and Analysis (LISA). Campus de Solbosch - CP 165/57, Avenue Franklin D. Roosevelt 50, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5759-1089
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2023 (Polish)In: Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management, ISSN 0860-0953, Vol. 38, no 3, p. 49-65Article in journal (Other academic) Published
Abstract [en]

This paper has described a geochemical testing approach to evaluate the level of soil contamination caused by heavy metals and POPs (PAh, PCB and hCB) in the coastal area  of the northern Baltic Sea in the Västernorrland area. The present work can be perceived as  a continuation to soil testing aimed at environmental, geotechnical and geochemical assessment. From a geochemical point of view, the present approach makes more complete trials  of binder ration allowing the analysis of their impact on the leaching process.  Several important contributions from this study can be explicitly recounted. They have  shown the assessed leaching of heavy metals and POPs (PAh, PCB and hCB) from soil  stabilized by cement/slag binders in various ratios.  Firstly, since adding binders (Portland cement and GGBFS) inherently involves variations in soil leaching due to changes in the structure of the stabilized specimens, the resulting disparity in leaching naturally estimates exhibit coherence between the binder ratio and  its effects on the removal of heavy metals from soil samples. Thus, the comparison was made  against the two mixes (cement/slag in 30/70% and high/low binder with low/high water  ratio). The results showed that 70% slag decreases the leaching of heavy metals and POPs. Secondly, the evaluation of min/max content of pollutants (µg/l) for heavy metals (As,  Ba, Pb, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, hg, Mn, Mo, ni, S, V, Zn) as well as the hydrocarbon fraction index  in excess water that are ambiguous when considering only the chemical content are resolved  through the inclusion of information on the binder ratio in soil samples.  Thirdly, a novel approach to the estimation of different blends of binding agents (30/70,  50/50, 70/30) and binder amounts (120 and 150 kg/m3) is developed based on testing stabilized soil samples of the tested specimens using modified surface leaching and shake tests.  The soil tests were performed using technical standards of SGI aimed at analyzing the effects of binder combinations on the leaching of toxic chemicals and heavy metals. next, a method for the direct testing of soil properties adapted from SIS standards and  modified according to real-time soil conditions is applied in the workflow by the existing  tools. In support of the existing similar studies using technical standard approaches of SIS,  the results from this study have been documented qualitatively and quantitatively as a series  of graphs using soil samples dredged from the study area. Lastly, a method for measuring the equilibrium concentrations of DOC and heavy met- als at L/S 10 (μg/l) has been designed and implemented using the SIS standards of shake  experiments to compare the level of DOC in groundwater used as a leachate. The results  Lindh and Lemenkova 2022 / Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi – Mineral Resources Management 38(2), 147–168 165 of leached content were measured and estimated at L/S 10 in the upscaling experiments  using 4 samples for PAh, PCB and various fractions of hydrocarbons: C10–C40, C10–C12,  C12–C16 and C35–C40. The shake tests have shown the decrease in the leaching of heavy  metals and POP substances from soil samples stabilized by a higher amount of slag added as  a binder. A binder blend with 30% cement and 70% of GGBFS showed the best performance. Importantly, the empirical advantage of testing the amount and ratio of stabilizing agents  in soil samples has been shown to have practical value both in the construction industry as  well as in environmental assessment. The latter especially concerns the comparative analysis of the lowest and highest contamination content in the excess water (heavy metals,  PAh, PCB, PhB, aliphatic compounds) after the addition of binder for soil stabilization.  Similarly, the proposed use of binders in various ratios also has the potential to support  effective soil stabilization in case of weak soil, e.g. silt or clay. Waste products, especially  of metallurgical origin, which are safe under given conditions, may become a source of the  environmental pollution, e.g. when the ph is changing. This highlights the actuality of the  environmental assessment of soil pollution, as presented in this study. More generally, the  proposed approach of changing stabilizing agents contributes to the practical development  of geotechnical methods of improving soil properties and structure, as needed for the construction industry.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2023. Vol. 38, no 3, p. 49-65
Keywords [en]
marine pollution, soil, civil engineering, geotechnical engineering, Baltic Sea
National Category
Earth and Related Environmental Sciences
Research subject
FOI-portföljer, Bygga
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:trafikverket:diva-16336DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2022.141662OAI: oai:DiVA.org:trafikverket-16336DiVA, id: diva2:1898513
Projects
Adjungerad lektor i byggnadsmaterial med fokus på alternativa bindemedel
Funder
Swedish Transport Administration, TRV 2021/116459Available from: 2024-09-17 Created: 2024-09-17 Last updated: 2025-09-04

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