Non-destructive testing, used to quantify asphalt pavement layers’ homogeneity, may be used for quality assurance purposes in paving contracts. This paper summarizes the findings from a field study and laboratory investigations which focused on segregation in bituminous pavement mixes. The study relates pavement layer surface macrotexture with the homogeneity of the paved bituminous layer by distinguishing between different mix-segregated areas. The macrotexture values, characterized as mean profile depth (MPD) (ISO 1997), of the paved layers were measured using VTI’s Laser Road Surface Tester (RST). Measurements were carried out on base and binder courses directly after the paving was complete. Based on the MPD values, three locations on the surface of the base course and binder course were identified as having either low, intermediate or high MPD values. Core samples were taken from these locations and were tested for stiffness modulus. Thereafter moisture conditioning of the specimens was performed by the moisture induced sensitivity test (MIST). Finally, the samples´ air void content was determined. Results clearly showed that the samples from the locations with high MPD values were mostly affected by the moisture conditioning. In these cases, the stiffness moduli were significantly reduced. The samples with high MPD values also had the highest content of air voids. Thus, in this study it has been possible to demonstrate that a procedure for detecting and measuring segregation may be used to estimate the impact segregation can have on the stiffness modulus of bituminous mix and to evaluate the construction quality of a pavement. The correlation between MPD values and change in stiffness modulus suggests that MPD measurement values may be a reliable and non-destructive method for evaluating the construction quality of a pavement. The values can be used to develop pavement performance quality assurance criteria that can be used in pavement surfacing contracts.