The STTRIDE project will:  review travellers' needs and understand the role of emerging technology in meeting those needs  address how best to use technological advances to deliver positive modal shift. Deliverable D2.1 relates to identification of user needs. It summarises the findings from an evidence review of traveller needs in a multi-modal context. The evidence comprised relevant literature and secondary data, and data from interviews with stakeholders from passenger representation bodies. The results should be taken into account by STTRIDE when selecting emerging technologies for further investigation. STTRIDE is focussing on five thematic areas in relation to emerging technologies:  automation of vehicles  information  journey efficiency  Mobility as a Service (MaaS)  safety. User needs The evidence reviewed suggests that convenience and ease of use, travel time and cost are key factors influencing users’ modal choice in European countries. Related dimensions are accessibility, reliability, safety and the level of trust which can be placed in travel modes; travellers hope for seamless, uninterrupted trips. They also need relevant, accurate, timely and practical information, though availability of information in itself may be insufficient to get people to change habitual travel patterns. Transport interventions and behaviour change User needs have been targeted through a wide variety of transport interventions across Europe aimed at influencing travel behaviour. These interventions include a number of measures which can be related to one or more of the five technology areas that STTRIDE has identified. The effectiveness of a specific intervention in encouraging modal shift may depend on whether / how it is deployed with other measures to promote this shift, and on the wider policy context in which it is implemented. It is also evident that behaviour change regarding mode choice is a complex, non-linear process. Travellers’ take up of technology based services Changing traveller attitudes and needs are influencing the technological focus in transport across Europe. The main factors highlighted during stakeholder interviews were flexible working and willingness to participate in the sharing economy. There are also a number of drivers and barriers regarding travellers’ take up of technology based services and measures within European countries. Travellers’ relationship with IT can act as both a driver and barrier to take up of technology based services relating to different modes. In addition to technological factors, other institutional, commercial, socio-economic, psychological, cultural and physical drivers and barriers exist in relation to user take up of technology based transport measures. For example, regulatory structures for transport fares may limit co-operation between different providers and events that shock people out of habits can make them more open to new information. The drivers and barriers identified in this report should inform more detailed analysis of the emerging technologies shortlisted by STTRIDE. Involving users in technology innovations While this report identifies key user needs, the complex nature of behaviour change and interviews with passenger representatives highlight the need for road / transport authorities, transport operators and technology suppliers to engage in ongoing dialogue with users. The process should ensure that travellers’ needs are reflected within specific technological innovations in transport in European countries, to aid user take up. Technology innovations may themselves present opportunities to gather relevant user feedback, but more detailed, qualitative engagement is necessary too. STTRIDE has two key public outputs:  a high level toolkit of investment options for road and transport authorities, with a clear set of enablers, barriers, probable impacts and priorities which need to be considered  a European evaluation framework for consistent evidence collation of new technologies. The toolkit should address how the user perspective can be taken into account when authorities consider investment options for technology based services, and the evaluation framework should address how users can be involved in evaluation.